N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗COPD合并肺结核临床观察

目的：评价N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并肺结核患者肺功能、细胞免疫功能和生活质量的影响。方法：93例患者随机分为对照组47例和观察组46例，对照组予常规治疗，观察组加服NAC，6个月为一个疗程。比较抗结核作用、肺功能、细胞免疫功能和生活质量，记录不良反应。结果：治疗后，与对照组相比，观察组肺功能指标FEV₁/FVC和PEF，CD4+T、CD4+Foxp3+调节性T细胞亚群比例明显升高，CD4+/CD8+和SGRQ问卷中症状、活动、影响维度评分明显降低，组间均有显著性差异（P<0.05）。其余指标组间无差异。结论：NAC可明显改善COPD合并肺结核患者的肺功能、细胞免疫功能和生活质量，值得临床推广。     

Tuberculosis miliar inducida por instilación endovesical de bacilo de Calmette-Guérin

The intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an efficacious complementary treatment for superficial bladder cancer after transurethral resection. This treatment delays progression, decreases the probability that the patient will have to undergo cystectomy in the future, and improves survival; it is generally efficacious and well tolerated.Among the most common local complications are irritative symptoms, hematuria, local genitourinary infection. Systemic complications are much less common.We present the case of a 71-year-old man who developed miliary tuberculosis secondary to treatment with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin for bladder cancer. This is exceptionally uncommon complication is potentially lethal and requires the immediate discontinuation of treatment.     

Riesgo de recurrencia tras retirada de la anticoagulación en pacientes con enfermedad tromboembólica venosa no provocada: validación externa del nomograma de Viena y del modelo predictivo DASH

IntroductionScales for predicting venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence are useful for deciding the duration of the anticoagulant treatment. Although there are several scales, the most appropriate for our setting has not been identified. For this reason, we aimed to validate the DASH prediction score and the Vienna nomogram at 12 months.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of unselected consecutive VTE patients seen between 2006 and 2014. We compared the ability of the DASH score and the Vienna nomogram to predict recurrences of VTE. The validation was performed by stratifying patients as low-risk or high-risk, according to each scale (discrimination) and comparing the observed recurrence with the expected rate (calibration).ResultsOf 353 patients evaluated, 195 were analyzed, with an average age of 53.5 ± 19 years. There were 21 recurrences in 1 year (10.8%, 95% CI: 6.8%-16%). According to the DASH score, 42% were classified as low risk, and the rate of VTE recurrence in this group was 4.9% (95% CI: 1.3%-12%) vs. the high-risk group that was 15% (95% CI: 9%-23%) (p <.05). According to the Vienna nomogram, 30% were classified as low risk, and the rate of VTE recurrence in the low risk group vs. the high risk group was 4.2% (95% CI:0.5%-14%) vs. 16.2% (95% CI: 9.9%-24.4%) (p <.05).ConclusionsOur study validates the DASH score and the Vienna nomogram in our population. The DASH prediction score may be the most advisable, both because of its simplicity and its ability to identify more low-risk patients than the Vienna nomogram (42% vs. 30%).     

思维导图引导康复护理对成人支气管哮喘合并抑郁患者心理状况、肺功能、气道炎症及预后的影响

目的研究思维导图引导的康复护理对成人支气管哮喘合并抑郁患者心理状况、肺功能、气道炎症及预后的影响,为临床护理成人支气管哮喘合并抑郁患者提供指导。方法选取2016年2月～2019年7月96例在我院诊治的支气管哮喘合并抑郁的成年患者,依据单纯随机抽样的方法分为干预组(n=48)和常规组(n=48),对所选支气管哮喘合并抑郁患者均实施常规护理,干预组患者的常规护理需运用思维导图来引导。通过观察比较两组患者护理前后的抑郁状态、肺功能改善情况、气道炎症水平和生活质量相关指标水平来评价思维导图引导康复护理对成人支气管哮喘合并抑郁患者的影响。结果护理后干预组患者的HRSD、SDS评分明显低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);干预组患者的FEV1%、PEF%明显高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);干预组患者测定的FeNO水平明显低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);干预组患者ACT、GQOLI-74评分明显高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论运用思维导图引导康复护理,可有效减轻支气管哮喘合并抑郁患者的抑郁情绪,改善患者肺功能情况,控制气道炎症进展,从而能够防止哮喘发作,提高患者的生活质量,改善预后,护理效果显著,可在临床上广泛应用。     

不伴红细胞增多的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者并发肺栓塞的影响因素研究

背景　慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者肺栓塞（PE）发生率显著高于常人，但目前不伴红细胞增多的COPD患者并发PE的机制尚不明确。目的　探讨不伴红细胞增多的COPD患者并发PE的影响因素。方法　本研究为回顾性病例对照研究。收集2017年1-12月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院呼吸与呼吸危重症中心住院治疗的血红蛋白（Hb）≤140 g/L的COPD患者。依据肺多层螺旋CT肺血管成像（CTPA）检查结果将患者分为并发PE组和单纯COPD组。记录患者的年龄、性别、合并症、服用抗血小板或抗凝药物史。采用倾向性评分匹配（PSM）方法，通过二元Logistic回归分析估计倾向性评分值，采用1∶1最邻近原则匹配，卡钳值为0.05，筛选出基线相同的两组病例。记录患者的D-二聚体、血常规检查结果，比较两组间差异；分析不伴红细胞增多的COPD患者并发PE的影响因素，红细胞分布宽度（RDW）与中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）的相关性。结果　共纳入病例339例，其中单纯COPD组289例，并发PE组50例。采用PSM方法筛选两组患者，最终得到单纯COPD组、并发PE组各50例进行后续研究。并发PE组患者D-二聚体、中性粒细胞计数（N）、RDW、NLR高于单纯COPD组，淋巴细胞计数（L）低于单纯COPD组（P<0.05）。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，RDW是不伴红细胞增多的COPD患者并发PE的影响因素〔OR=1.561，95%CI（1.096，2.225），P<0.05〕。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示，不伴红细胞增多的COPD患者RDW与NLR呈正相关（rs=0.225，P<0.05）。结论　RDW升高是Hb≤140 g/L的COPD患者并发PE的危险因素，且RDW与NLR呈正相关。